Aikido Rank System
Aikido uses kyu (pre-black belt) and dan (black belt) ranks, but belt colors vary significantly by organization. Some Aikido schools only use white and black belts, while others use a color progression.
6th KyuBeginning. Basic ukemi (falling), first techniques (ikkyo, shiho-nage).
5th KyuDeveloping falls and basic technique vocabulary.
4th KyuMultiple attack responses, improved movement and blending.
3rd KyuWeapons practice begins (bokken, jo). Smoother technique.
2nd KyuMultiple attacker practice (randori). Teaching beginners.
1st KyuPre-black belt. Hakama worn in some organizations at this level.
Shodan (1st Dan)4–6 years. Black belt + hakama. Serious beginning of study.
The Hakama
The hakama is the wide-legged pleated pants worn in Aikido. In most organizations, it is worn from shodan (black belt) onward. In some schools, it is worn from 3rd kyu or even from the first class. The seven pleats represent the seven virtues of Budo.